Notes for The Making of a Global World for Class 10 The free download of Social Science History Chapter 3 SST PDF is part of the Class 10 Social Science Notes for Quick Revision. We have provided The Making of a Global World Class 10 History Chapter 3 Notes below.
1. Pre-modern World
- Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.
- The concept of globalization is not recent and has been in existence for centuries.
- Before the 19th century, the Silk Routes were vital in connecting the East and the West.
1.1 The Silk Routes
- Silk Routes were historically important trade routes that connected Asia with Europe and Africa.
- They were named after the lucrative silk trade that occurred along these routes, primarily between China and the Roman Empire.
- Goods such as silk, spices, textiles, and precious stones were traded through these routes.
- More than just trade, the Silk Routes also facilitated the exchange of ideas, culture, religions, technology, and diseases between different civilizations.
- For example, Buddhism spread from India to China through the Silk Route.
- Islamic trade networks across the Indian Ocean also connected various parts of the world.
1.2 Food Travels and Cultural Exchange
- Trade along the Silk Routes was not limited to luxury items but also influenced the migration of food crops and culinary practices.
- Spaghetti, often considered an Italian dish, actually has its origins in China where noodles were first made. Traders and travelers introduced noodles to Italy.
- Potatoes, maize, and tomatoes, which are integral to many European and Asian cuisines today, were originally from the Americas and were brought to Europe and Asia after the discovery of the New World.
- Crops like corn (maize) and potatoes spread to Europe and Asia, drastically changing agriculture and diet patterns.
- Cultural exchanges included the spread of religion, ideas, art forms, and scientific knowledge across regions.
1.3 Conquest, Disease, and Trade
- The discovery of sea routes to America by Christopher Columbus (1492) and to India by Vasco da Gama (1498) played a significant role in shaping global trade and exchange.
- European conquests in the Americas led to the establishment of colonies and the extraction of wealth (e.g., gold, and silver).
The 'Great Dying': Spread of Diseases
- Along with European explorers and conquerors, diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza were brought to the Americas, where the indigenous populations had no immunity.
- This caused large-scale devastation, with the indigenous populations of the Americas experiencing a significant decline in numbers. This period is sometimes referred to as the 'Great Dying'.
- Diseases were an unintended but deadly consequence of the contact between the Old World (Europe) and the New World (Americas).
- Colonialism was another byproduct of these voyages. European countries (especially Spain and Portugal) established colonial empires in the Americas, controlling trade, agriculture, and resources.
Keywords:
Globalization, Silk Routes, China, Roman Empire, trade, Buddhism, Islamic trade networks, spices, textiles, precious stones, food migration, spaghetti, potatoes, New World, Americas, Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, conquest, smallpox, colonialism, gold, Great Dying, European conquests.
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The Making of a Global World Class 10 Notes Social Science History Chapter 3
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