Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Notes | Geography Chapter 6 Class 10 Notes

Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Notes | Geography Chapter 6 Class 10 Notes. On this page, you can view notes for Manufacturing Industries Class 10 | Geography Chapter 6 Notes Class 10.

Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Notes

The Importance of Manufacturing

The manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development due to the following reasons:

1. Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture as it provides jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
2. Helps in the eradication of unemployment and poverty.
3. The export of manufactured goods Expands trade and commerce and brings in much-needed foreign Exchange.
4. Helps in prospering the country by giving a boost to the Economy.

Contribution of Industry to the National Economy

The trend in the growth rate of manufacturing Over the last decade has been around 7% per annum.

1. Industrial Location
2. Industrial locations are influenced by the availability of:
3. Raw material
4. Labor
5. Capital
6. Power
7. MarGovernment Policies

Manufacturing activity tends to locate at the most appropriate place where all the factors of industrial location are Either available on can be arranged at a lower cost The fig below shows the industry market linkage.

Classification of industries

Agro-based industries

• Cotton, Jute, Silk, woolen textiles, sugar Edible oil, etc industries are based on Agricultural raw materials. Let's know about each of them, One by one.

Textile Industry

• It is the only industry in India, Which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain means: -
• From raw materials to the highest value-added products It contributes to industrial production, Employment generation, and foreign exchange earnings.

Mineral-based industries

• Industries that use raw materials as raw materials are called mineral-based industries.

Aluminium Smelting

Aluminum smelting is the second most important metallurgical industry in India It is used to manufacture utensils and wires. Bauxite is the raw material used in smelters.

Aluminum. Smelting has gained popularity as a substitute for steel, Copper, Zinc, and lead in a no. of industries it has the following properties.

• Light in weight
• Resistant tocorrosion
• Good conductor of heat
• Malleable
• Becomes Strong when it is mixed with other metals

Chemical Industries

• The chemical industry comprises both large and small-scale manufacturing units.
• Rapid Growth has been recorded in both inorganic and Organic Sectors.

Inorganic Chemicals: sulphuric acid, Nitric acid, Alkalies, Soda ash, and Caustic Soda

Organic Chemicals: Petrochemicals that are used to manufacture synthetic fiber, Rubber, plastic, and dye.

Fertilizer Industry

• The fertilizer industries are centered around the production of nitrogenous fertilizers (Mainly Unca) phosphatic fertilizers and ammonium Phosphate CDAPJ and complex fertilizers which have a combination of Nitrogen CNJ, Phosphate CPJ, and Potash.
• Gujrat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Kerala contribute towards half of the production.

Automobile Industry

• This industry deals with the manufacturing of trucks, buses, cars, motorcycles, scooters, three-wheelers, and multi-utility vehicles.
• These industries are located around Delhi, Gurugram, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur, and Bengaluru.

Information Technology and Electronics industry

• The electronics industry covers a wide range of Products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, telephone Exchange, radars, computers, and much Other Equipment Required by the telecommunication industry.
• This industry has generated Employment in India, Bengaluru is known as the Electronic capital of India.

Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation

Industries are responsible for 4 types of Pollution:

Air Pollution

• caused by the presence of a high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
• Smoke is Emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick Kilns, Refineries, and smelting plants, and the burning of fossil fuels leads to aiming pollution it adversely affects human health, Animals, plants, buildings, and the atmosphere.

Water Pollution

• Caused by Organic and inorganic industrial wastes and Effluents discharged into rivers
• The industries which are mainly responsible for water pollution are paper, pulp, Chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum, tanneries, and Electroplating industries.

Thermal Pollution

• Water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.

Noise Pollution

• Is the propagation of noise with harmful impact on the activity of human OR Animal life. It results in Irritation, Anger, Cause Heating impairment, and increased heart rate, and blood pressure.

Control of Environmental Degradation

Here are some ways through which industrial pollution can be reduced:

1. Minimizing the use of water by reusing and recycling it.
2. Harvesting rainwater to meet water Requirements.
3. Treating Hot water and Effucnts before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
4. Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks.
5. Smoke can be reduced by using oil on gas instead.